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EDGAR T. CHAPMAN,- OF MInDLEBnR'Y, l OHIO.

Leners Patent No. 63,138, aired Marat 2s, 1867'.

IMPROVEMENT INTHE M'ANUFCTURE 0F STONEWARE.

alle .ttrhule maar it it tlgese ttitat trtent mit mating ont ntgc 'smut To ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERNE A Be it known that I, EDGAR T. CHAPMAN,-of Middlebury, in the county ot' Summit, and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Stone Milli Crooks; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and complete description of the construction of the same, reference being had tothe accomvpanying drawings, making a part of this specification, in which- Figure 1 lisla transverse vertical section.

Figure 2' isfa view of the crockswhen nested.

Figures 8 and 4 will be referred to in the description.

Like letters of reference refer to likeparts in the views.

My improvement relates to a milk-pan or crock, which is constructed with a rim and curved sides, as and for the purpose hereinafter described, being a new article of manufacture.

This crock is shaped, as shown iu tig. 1, in .which it will be seen that the sides A are made to curve from the shoulder B to the. base.- The curvature of the Outside is such as to. fit theinside of another pan of thesame character, and thus any number of pans may be placed `one within another, or nested, as is shown in iig. 2, in which are three such crooks nested, as above said. Surrounding the top of this crock is a'wide rim, C, which forms the shoulder B referred to, the purpose of which is to add strength to the pan, also for the convenience of handling 'and for the purpose of supporting the crooks when nested, asl the top of' the first rests upon the shoulder of the oneixnext below, and so' on through the whole number thus placed one within the other or nested. I am aware that crooks or milk-pans have been made with rims similar to the one above described, but the bodies of' these pans have all been made straight from the shoulder B to the base, as indicated by the dotted lines a,-

iigs. 1 and 2; also that they are nested in the manner as above said; but the application of a rim only shouldered to the old. Dutch pot, which is represented in iig. 4, is what I claim as my improvement in the construction of these wares. The peculiar shape of these Dutch pots is such thatvthey cannot be nested for the purpose of burning, but are placed one upon the other in the position shownin iig. 3, the upper4 oneinverted and placed upon the rim or top of the other; in this position they are placed inA the kiln. It will be evident that the :pots thus arranged must occupy a very large space, hence but a limited number only can be burnt` at once, but-by so modifying the curvature ofthe body of the pots, as shownvin figs. 1 and 2, and adding to the same the rim and shoulder above described, these pots can be nested, and therefore multiply the numberthat can be burnt at once by thus nesting them. In a kiln of ordinary capacity, about sixteen hundred ofthe old Dutch potsareall that can be burnt'at once, whereas by nesting themas above described, some five thousand can be burnt in the' same kiln. Another and important advantage derived from giving a curving shape tothe body of the crock is that they are less liable to crack in the kiln. I t is a well-known fact that the pans above described, provided with a rim and having-straight Sides,'are very liable-to crack in the process of burning by the contraction of the material. Often in thisway a large percentage of the ware is lost by fracture occasioned by the heat. This great liability to crackfis obv'iated by the curving character given to my crooks, for as the crock. shrinks, the sides being longer by virtue of' their curvature than if they were straight, yield to the shrinkingfmaterial, meeting and compensating in this way thc loss occasioned by their contraction. It is a well-understood law in physics that curved bodies composed of any material are les's liable to check orcrack by shrinking than plain or straight ones, hence a whole kiln of pots are burned with llittle or no loss; Aso also in placing the old. Dutch pots in the kiln in the manner as above said, they are often thrown down and broken, and in this way great losses often occur. The inability to nest these Dutch pots renders them diicult for transportation and storage, hence they are inconvenient and expensive. By giving the swell or curve to the body of the crock its capacity is correspondingly increased, hence a larger number of' gallons can be transportedv inthe same number of pots than if the sides were straight. `For someA culinary purposes these -pots are better adapted than iron ware, and are much cheaper, and with ordinary care are very-durable. When placed in the hole of a stove and subjectel to the fire they are not liable to craelg, for the reasonY of their sides being' curved, Iwhich is not the ,caseivithi the common stone milk-pan with straight sides when thus exposedv to the fire; hence in an economical pointo'f view they are more durable, -lcss expensiveand more convenient than 'the old'Dutch pot or` the common milk-pan.

What I claim as my improvement, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

A crock constructed as hercinbef'ore described, being a new article of manufacture.'

EDGAR T. CHAPMAN. Witnesses: A

CL BRYN, H. W. INennseLL. 

